carl

.gitignore

@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ grammar.tab.h
 out
 tmp
 parser
-*.save
+*.save
+binaries

Makefile

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ compiler: clean tmp $(OBJS)
 clean:
 	rm -f $(EXE)
 	rm -rf out
+	rm -rf binaries
 	rm -rf tmp
 	rm -f *.s
 	rm -f *.out

library/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Makefile to make executables from alpha source code files
+# and also make executables from some sample assembly files execising the alpha library
+#
+# Carl Alphonce
+# April 20, 2024
+
+# The alpha compiler and flags (adjust the flags as needed)
+AC := ./alpha
+AFLAGS := -tok -asc -tc -st -ir -cg
+
+# The preprocessor and flags (you should not adjust these)
+CPP := cpp
+CPPFLAGS := -P -x c
+
+# Adjust for the library your team is using (register-based or stack-based parameter passing)
+
+ALPHA_LIB = alpha_lib_reg.s   ## Register-based parameter passing
+#ALPHA_LIB = alpha_lib_st.s     ## Stack-based parameter passing
+
+# Adjust for the parameter passing approach your compiler uses:
+#   alpha_driver_reg.s for register-based parameter passing
+#   alpha_driver_st.s for stack-based parameter passing
+# This file provides a main function that packages up argv[1] (or "") as an alpha string
+# (type 1->character) and calls entry with that argument
+
+ALPHA_DRIVER = alpha_driver_reg.s   ## Register-based parameter passing
+#ALPHA_DRIVER = alpha_driver_st.s     ## Stack-based parameter passing
+
+
+# Create an assembly (.s) file from an alpha source file
+# This involves several steps:
+%.s : %.alpha
+	@mv $< $<._temporary_			# 1. rename input file so we can us it as 
+	@$(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $<._temporary_ > $< # 2. input to CPP, writing output to original filename
+	@$(AC) $(AFLAGS) $<			# 3. run the alpha compiler on the pre-processed file
+	@mv $<._temporary_ $<			# 4. restore the original input file
+
+
+
+# Examples of assembly code using the alpha library files
+# In these examples the calling code is in assembly, and defines main (so the driver is not included here)
+
+# Example #1: calling the printBoolean function
+printBoolean : printBoolean_reg.s
+	@gcc $< $(ALPHA_LIB) -no-pie -o $@
+
+# Example #2: calling the printInt function
+printInt : printInt_reg.s
+	@gcc $< $(ALPHA_LIB) -no-pie -o $@
+
+# Example #3: calling the reserve and release functions
+reserve_release : reserve_release_reg.s
+	@gcc $< $(ALPHA_LIB) -no-pie -o $@
+
+
+# The rule for assembling .s files and linking them together (using the gcc compiler driver)
+# to produce an executable (assuming no earlier make rule triggers first)
+
+% : %.s $(ALPHA_LIB) $(ALPHA_DRIVER) 
+	@gcc $< $(ALPHA_LIB) $(ALPHA_DRIVER) -no-pie -o $@
+

library/alpha_driver.s

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+	.file	"alpha_driver.c"
+	.text
+	.globl	main
+	.type	main, @function
+main:
+.LFB0:
+	endbr64
+	pushq	%rbp
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp
+	subq	$48, %rsp
+	movl	%edi, -36(%rbp)
+	movq	%rsi, -48(%rbp)
+	movl	$0, -32(%rbp)
+	cmpl	$1, -36(%rbp)
+	jle	.L2
+	movq	-48(%rbp), %rax
+	addq	$8, %rax
+	movq	(%rax), %rax
+	movq	%rax, %rdi
+	call	strlen@PLT
+	movl	%eax, -32(%rbp)
+.L2:
+	movl	-32(%rbp), %eax
+	cltq
+	addq	$4, %rax
+	movq	%rax, %rdi
+	call	malloc@PLT
+	movq	%rax, -16(%rbp)
+	movq	-16(%rbp), %rax
+	movq	%rax, -24(%rbp)
+	movq	-24(%rbp), %rax
+	movl	-32(%rbp), %edx
+	movl	%edx, (%rax)
+	cmpl	$1, -36(%rbp)
+	jle	.L3
+	addq	$4, -24(%rbp)
+	movq	-48(%rbp), %rax
+	movq	8(%rax), %rax
+	movq	%rax, -8(%rbp)
+	movl	$0, -28(%rbp)
+	jmp	.L4
+.L5:
+	movl	-28(%rbp), %eax
+	movslq	%eax, %rdx
+	movq	-8(%rbp), %rax
+	addq	%rdx, %rax
+	movzbl	(%rax), %edx
+	movq	-24(%rbp), %rax
+	movb	%dl, (%rax)
+	addq	$1, -24(%rbp)
+	addl	$1, -28(%rbp)
+.L4:
+	movl	-28(%rbp), %eax
+	cmpl	-32(%rbp), %eax
+	jl	.L5
+.L3:
+	movq	-16(%rbp), %rax
+	movq	%rax, %rdi
+	call	entry@PLT
+	leave
+	ret
+.LFE0:
+	.size	main, .-main
+	.ident	"GCC: (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.4.0"
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
+	.section	.note.gnu.property,"a"
+	.align 8
+	.long	 1f - 0f
+	.long	 4f - 1f
+	.long	 5
+0:
+	.string	 "GNU"
+1:
+	.align 8
+	.long	 0xc0000002
+	.long	 3f - 2f
+2:
+	.long	 0x3
+3:
+	.align 8
+4:

library/alpha_lib_reg.s

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+	.file	"alpha_lib.c"
+	.section	.rodata
+.LC0:
+	.string	"%d"
+
+	.text
+	.globl	printInteger
+	.type	printInteger, @function
+printInteger:
+.LFB2:
+	pushq	%rbp			# push old base pointer
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp		# move base pointer
+
+	subq	$16, %rsp		# make room on stack
+	movl	%edi, -4(%rbp)		# spill arg to stack
+	movl	-4(%rbp), %eax		# move argument to %eax
+	movl	%eax, %esi
+	movl	$.LC0, %edi
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	call	printf
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	leave
+	ret
+.LFE2:
+	.size	printInteger, .-printInteger
+
+	.globl	printCharacter
+	.type	printCharacter, @function
+printCharacter:
+.LFB4:
+	pushq	%rbp
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp
+
+	subq	$16, %rsp
+	movb	%dil, %al
+	movb	%al, -4(%rbp)
+	movsbl	-4(%rbp), %eax
+	movl	%eax, %edi
+	call	putchar
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	leave
+	ret
+.LFE4:
+	.size	printCharacter, .-printCharacter
+
+	.section	.rodata
+.LC2:
+	.string	"false"
+.LC3:
+	.string	"true"
+.LC4:
+	.string	"%s"
+
+	.text
+	.globl	printBoolean
+	.type	printBoolean, @function
+printBoolean:
+.LFB5:
+	pushq	%rbp
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp
+	subq	$16, %rsp
+	movb	%dil, -4(%rbp)
+	cmpb	$0, -4(%rbp)
+	jne	.L8
+	movl	$.LC2, %eax
+	jmp	.L9
+.L8:
+	movl	$.LC3, %eax
+.L9:
+	movq	%rax, %rsi
+	movl	$.LC4, %edi
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	call	printf
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	leave
+	ret
+.LFE5:
+	.size	printBoolean, .-printBoolean
+
+	.globl	reserve
+	.type	reserve, @function
+reserve:
+.LFB8:
+	pushq	%rbp
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp
+	subq	$16, %rsp
+	movl	%edi, -4(%rbp)
+	movl	-4(%rbp), %eax
+	cltq
+	movq	%rax, %rdi
+	call	malloc
+	leave
+	ret
+.LFE8:
+	.size	reserve, .-reserve
+
+	.globl	release
+	.type	release, @function
+release:
+.LFB9:
+	pushq	%rbp
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp
+	subq	$16, %rsp
+	movq	%rdi, -8(%rbp)
+	movq	-8(%rbp), %rax
+	movq	%rax, %rdi
+	call	free
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	leave
+	ret
+.LFE9:
+	.size	release, .-release
+
+	.ident	"GCC: (GNU) 6.4.0"
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

library/printBoolean_reg.s

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+	.file	"printBoolean.c"
+	.text
+	.globl	main
+	.type	main, @function
+main:
+.LFB0:
+	pushq	%rbp
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp
+	
+	movb	$1, %dil	# the representation of 'true'
+	call	printBoolean
+	movb	$10, %dil
+	call	printCharacter
+
+	movb	$0, %dil	# the representation of 'false'
+	call	printBoolean
+	movb	$10, %dil
+	call	printCharacter
+
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	popq	%rbp
+	ret
+.LFE0:
+	.size	main, .-main
+	.ident	"GCC: (GNU) 6.4.0"
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

library/printInt_reg.s

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+	.file	"printInt.c"
+	.text
+	.globl	main
+	.type	main, @function
+main:
+.LFB0:
+	pushq	%rbp
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp
+	
+	movl	$10, %edi	# Move the immediate value 10 to %edi 
+	call	printInteger	# call the alpha_lib function printInteger
+	
+	movl	$10, %edi	# Put the \n character (decimal 10) into %edi	 
+	call	printCharacter	# then call the alpha_lib function printCharacter
+	
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	popq	%rbp
+	ret
+.LFE0:
+	.size	main, .-main
+	.ident	"GCC: (GNU) 6.4.0"
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

library/reserve_release_reg.s

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+	.file	"reserve_release.c"
+	.text
+	.globl	main
+	.type	main, @function
+main:
+.LFB0:
+	pushq	%rbp
+	movq	%rsp, %rbp
+	subq	$16, %rsp
+
+	movl	$8, %edi	# move sizeof(*a) into %edi
+	call	reserve		# call alpha_lib_reg function reserve
+
+	movq	%rax, -8(%rbp)	# put the returned pointer on the stack at offset -8
+
+	movq	-8(%rbp), %rax	# put base pointer of struct (a) into %rax 
+	movl	$20, (%rax)	# put value 20 into location pointed at by %rax --> (*a).x
+	movq	-8(%rbp), %rax	# put base pointer of struct (a) into %rax 
+	movl	$45, 4(%rax)	# put value 45 into location 4(%rax) --> (*a).y
+	movq	-8(%rbp), %rax	# put base pointer of struct (a) into %rax 
+	movl	4(%rax), %eax	# move (*a).y into %eax
+	movl	%eax, %edi	# and then into %edi
+	call	printInteger	# call alpha_lib_reg function printInteger
+	movl	$10, %edi	# move '\n' into %edi
+	call	printCharacter	# call alpha_lib_reg function printCharacter
+
+	movq	-8(%rbp), %rax	# put base pointer of struct (a) into %rax
+	movq	%rax, %rdi	# and then into %rdi
+	call	release		# call alpha_lib_reg function reserve
+
+	movl	$0, %eax
+	leave
+	ret
+.LFE0:
+	.size	main, .-main
+	.ident	"GCC: (GNU) 6.4.0"
+	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits